Lesson · A.2.3

The muscular system

Learn the three muscle tissue types, the sliding filament mechanism, and how a nerve signal becomes a contraction, the way the HESI A2 tests it.

ObjectiveA.2.3Read5 minExam weightSupport and Movement ≈ 24% of Anatomy & Physiology

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What you will be able to do

  • Tell skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle apart by structure, control, and location
  • Walk through the sliding filament model from nerve signal to shortened sarcomere
  • Match key muscular system terms, such as origin, insertion, and tendon, to their function

What the lesson concludes

  • Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated; cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated; smooth muscle is involuntary and nonstriated.
  • A muscle fibre shortens when myosin heads pull actin filaments toward the centre of the sarcomere, the sliding filament model.
  • Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum moves tropomyosin aside so myosin can bind actin.
  • A tendon anchors muscle to bone; the origin stays fixed and the insertion moves when the muscle contracts.
  • Skeletal muscle needs a steady ATP supply, so it draws on stored creatine phosphate, glycolysis, and aerobic respiration in that rough order.