Lesson · S.3.6

Acids and bases

The pH scale and what makes a solution acidic, basic, or neutral, with the everyday examples the TEAS uses to test it.

ObjectiveS.3.6Read2 minExam weightChemistry ≈ 18% of Science

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What you will be able to do

  • Place a solution on the pH scale as acidic, basic, or neutral.
  • Explain why a whole-number change in pH means a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.
  • Describe what happens to hydrogen and hydroxide ions during neutralisation.

What the lesson concludes

  • The pH scale runs 0 to 14; below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic, and 7 is neutral.
  • Each whole step on the scale is a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.
  • Acids release hydrogen ions; bases release hydroxide ions or accept hydrogen ions.
  • Neutralisation combines an acid and a base to form water and a salt.
  • The body uses buffers to hold blood pH close to 7.4 despite small chemical shifts.